Airline Industry Problems and Suggested Solutions Essay

Airline Industry Problems and Suggested Solutions The airline industry has over the past few months gradually been going into recession. This has been due to a number of factors, all affecting the industry in a negative manner at the same time. This has resulted in low profits and poor performance. The decline in the industry sharply increased after the terrorist attacks on the United States, increasing the urgency to clearly identify the causes of the problems faced and to find any solutions available to overcome them. One of the factors contributing to the poor performance has been the global economic slowdown whose effect has not been limited to the airline industry but has extended to many other industries. The effect of this†¦show more content†¦But after the demand for military pilots declined, there were cutbacks. Pilot training is now no longer subsidized, forcing pilots to pay for their training. This has a high cost of approximately $70 000. Action must be taken to solve these problems to prevent more damage to the airline industry. The first step that companies should take is to try and deal with the losses they are making by reducing their costs as much as possible. There are various methods of doing achieving this. Job cuts could be made. This would reduce the cost of wages paid by the companies. However this may be met with opposition from employees. They may take industrial action to help and show support for their fellow employees that have been made redundant. Morale may also come down, as employees no longer feel that their jobs are secure. Companies could try to cutback on the number of planes used. This would reduce the cost of fuel and maintenance. The companies could also raise money through the sale of these unused plane and other assets. But this would mean that some routes would have to be cancelled so the airline would risk losing customers who use that particular route to competitors. Another option available would be for companies to adopt a policy of no hiring. This is when no new employees are hired. This would not reduce any costs but would prevent the addition of any further costs. The second stepShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Overweight Aircraft992 Words   |  4 PagesSummary Airlines have become concerned with the issue of overweight aircraft. The average weight of passengers has increased by 3 kg for females and 5 kg for males, meaning aircraft could exceed their floor loading limit. Certain aspects must be considered before a solution is chosen. It must comply with all laws and pose no risk to passengers. Discrimination must not occur and the reputation of the airline must not be risked. 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General Knowledge in Criminal Justice Free Essays

Every country is governed by a set of laws designed to maintain order within it. There are laws that govern the political relations with its citizens while there are also laws that regulate the civil rights of its citizens. There are a set of rules that define what acts or omissions are considered felonies or offenses and prescribes punishment for violations of these rules. We will write a custom essay sample on General Knowledge in Criminal Justice or any similar topic only for you Order Now The latter is called the criminal justice system of a country. This criminal justice system is manifested by the enactment of penal laws of the state. Penal laws define what acts are considered crime and determine the proper penalty for its commission. Because of the enactment of penal laws, each state is able to enforce and maintain law and order within its jurisdiction. Society is a complex structure which does not simply function harmoniously by accident. There must be a conscious effort on the part of the state to regulate the behavior of its members. It is because of this reason that the system of punishment was institutionalized and legitimized in our society. Punishment is the action taken by the State for every violation of its laws. Punishment can be considered as a response by the society to any offense or felony committed against it. It may range from the deprivation of liberty of the convicted individual or the payment of fine for the reparation of injury caused. The deprivation of liberty can last from several days or it may extend to several years depending on the nature of the crime committed. If the crime however is heinous capital punishment may be imposed. Classical Theory There are many theories on which our criminal justice system is based. One of the foundations for imposition of the criminal justice system is the Classical Theory. It attempts to give an explanation on the root cause of crime for the purpose of controlling it or preventing it from happening. It argues that man is by nature a moral creature with a free will. This free will gives him the capacity to choose between right and wrong. When man performs an act, the assumption is that the same is a rational and conscious decision arising from a careful calculation of its possible consequences. It is to be presumed that the doer of the act has carefully weighed the consequences of his action so that he will achieve his end-goal which is to maximize pleasure and to minimize pain. Thus, when a person engages in deviant behavior and commits a crime it is to be presumed that he voluntarily and willfully committed it after a careful calculation of both the benefits and risks of its commission. Crime is therefore a product of rational and conscious choice deliberately performed by an individual and not the result of the external forces surrounding him. There are those who hold that crime is a social and natural phenomenon as contradistinguished from the Classical Theory. According to the Positivist Theory, man at times is subdued by a strange and morbid phenomenon which constrains and impels him to do wrong. Though man is by nature good, there are forces around him that makes him commit a wrongful act. Thus, contrary to the Classical School, crime is not a product of a rational and conscious decision that results from carefully weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the act rather it results from interplay of social and external forces that heavily influence the individual. It is because of this reason that the criminal justice system should not be a mere function of strict and inflexible application of the abstract principles of law. Rather, it is the task of the judge to take into consideration such other facts and circumstances that attend the commission of the crime. Retributivism Theory There are those who adhere to the Retributivism Theory. According to this theory, punishment is allowed, whether it is imprisonment or death, because the convicted prisoner deserves it. This is otherwise known as the doctrine of ‘just desert’ which is founded on the ‘eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth† philosophy. When an injury is done to another, an unfair situation is created between the offender and the victim. The imposition of punishment against the wrongdoer removes the unfair advantage and restores the balance. (Anthony Duff, Sec 5) In essence, this theory states that certain actions in the society that are injurious to other people will merit the imposition of imprisonment. When these acts are done willfully and voluntarily by any individual then it is but proper that he be punished for his acts to restore the moral balance and address the moral culpability which are essential in restoring harmony in the society. (Deligitimizing Retribution†2) UtilitarianTheory On the other hand, there are those who believe in the Utilitarian Theory. It argues that state- sanctioned punishment is justified because of its utility. Based on the principle of utility, acts are pursued depending on the desirability of its consequences. If punishment will most likely produce the greatest balance of happiness over unhappiness then the punishment is justified. But if there are other options that would produce a greater balance of happiness over unhappiness, then that option should be chosen and punishment is unjustified. Kevin Murtagh, Sec 1a) In simpler terms, the idea is if we are to weigh the positive effects of punishment as against its negative effects and the positive effects outweighs the negative ones then that punishment has to be imposed. This theory somewhat looks forward and considers the consequences of punishment to the society. Unlike the Retributivist theory which focuses on the benefits to the victim, in Utilitarian Theory the oth er members of the society is considered to benefit from the imprisonment of the convicted prisoner. Deterrence Theory. For example, capital punishment is considered beneficial for the society because it deters the commission of more crimes by other persons. Under the Deterrence Theory, the imposition of the criminal justice system sends a strong message that it is tough on crime. Once a convicted prisoner is imprisoned or sentenced to death it is as if we are saying to the rest of the society that this will happen to those who will violate our laws. It is also an open declaration that there is a war against crime and that any violation of its laws will be seriously dealt with by the state. Once society sees that the violation of a law will have serious consequences to the wrong-doers then this will have a positive effect to the society by deterring criminality. Incapacitation Theory According to Incapacitation Theory, society is also benefited from the imprisonment of the convicted prisoner because it incapacitates him from further committing crimes and reduces recidivism rate. (Lynch and Sabol) Experience shows that those who have previously committed crimes are more likely to commit another crime. There is no more effective way of incapacitating the offender except by removing them from the society. Thus, in the case of imposition of death penalty, a person who is sentenced to death can no longer commit further crimes because he is permanently incapacitated to perform the same. The society is also benefited when wrong-doers are incarcerated or sentenced to death. We also prevent the possibility of these people escaping from prison and committing further crimes. (Thoughts on the Death Penalty p 2) The purpose of this is the protection of the other members of the society. Restorative Justice Theory The Restorative Justice theory is another aspect of the Utilitarian Theory which gives emphasis on the restoration of the criminal offender as one of the purposes of criminal justice system. It seeks to promote the objective of restoring the offender to the mainstream society by making him perform community service, requiring reimbursement and other worthwhile activities while in prison. This is based on the theory that a criminal offender is a socially sick individual. The other members of the society have the moral obligation to give aid and assistance to them. How to cite General Knowledge in Criminal Justice, Papers

Public School Systems Across The Country Are Now Requiring Students To Essay Example For Students

Public School Systems Across The Country Are Now Requiring Students To Essay wearuniforms. Can uniforms really make a difference in a childs academic performance?Wouldnt uniforms infringe the childs creativity and self expression? The clothes dontmake the child right (Hempill A15)? Wrong. School uniforms can drastically reduceschool violence and help a student to focus on school work. In 1996, President Clinton endorsed public school uniforms in his State of theUnion Address(Atkins 42). This created a rage among some education critics across thecountry. Critics complain that uniforms will lessen childrens individualism and creativity,infringing students rights and hint of racism. While proponents believe, uniforms will putthe students emphasis on schoolwork instead of dressing coolly, and they will help tolower school violence. The idea comes from a Californian elementary school in Long Beach. In 1994,Long Beach became the countrys first public school district to institute a mandatoryuniform policy(Atkins 42). The results were so promising that they lead to thePresidents endorsement. The school saw a fifty-one percent drop in physical fights, athirty-four percent drop in assaults and batteries, a fifty percent drop in weapons offenses,and a thirty-two percent drop in school suspensions(Mancini 65). All this in a time span ofonly one year. Proving that a childs clothes does make a difference in school violence. In a time when school children are getting killed for designer jackets and shoes,uniforms are exactly what our children need(Mancini 63). Critics say that school uniforminhibit self expression. If you take away a childs self expression through clothing, youforce that child to express his or herself in other ways. This might even force a child toresort to even more violent forms of expression, like through writing and art. In todays society, students are fighting each other in schools, because of otherstudents that wear rival gangs colors and clothing. I went to school in a town with apopulation of about only ten-thousand residents. In our relatively small school, classeswere disrupted several times, because one student was wearing another students rivalgangs colors causing outbursts and fights. This problem is one that occurrences daily inbig city schools, but a problem uniforms can help remedy. Uniforms eliminate gangclothing like baggy pants, belts with initials on the buckles, halter tops, or certain gangcolored clothing items. The uniforms can also help to identify outsiders within a school. Drug dealers would have wear uniforms in order to be able to roam the school yardwithout being spotted. The uniforms can also help parents save money. A parent can pay anywhere fromsixty to a hundred dollars for a pair of pants, forty to sixty dollars on a single shirt, andeighty to one hundred-fifty dollars for a pair of shoes. A student would need to have atleast five to six different outfits to wear to school. Where as a child wearing a uniformonly would need two sets of clothes for class. The uniforms may vary, but most uniformsconsist of basic colored slacks and a basic colored collared shirt. They can be purchasedfor as little as forty dollars at discount stores and the most expensive being around ahundred dollar. Besides saving parents hundreds of dollars, school uniforms also help toerase lines between the social classes. Since all students will be dressed alike, it will beimpossible to tell the difference from a students from low income family and one from ahigh income family. I went to a public school for nine years, before transferring to a private school. Atthe public school my enthusiasm was minimal at best. My parent are not rich, and I had towear clothes that were not consider cool. This automatically put me out of the coolgroup. I felt unhappy and left out. I did not go to school functions, because I felt I wasnot cool enough and would not fit in. Going to a private school and having to wearuniforms remedied that. I longer was not cool, just because I did not wear the rightclothes. Students did not judge me by my apparel, instead I was judged by my personality. .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc , .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .postImageUrl , .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc , .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc:hover , .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc:visited , .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc:active { border:0!important; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc:active , .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u92a7e60cd2464d3d3f4abcf6753273dc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender differences1 EssayMy grades improved and I graduated as student body president. When I talk to oldfriends from the public school, they are amazed at how much I have changed . I dontcredit all of this to uniforms, but they sure allowed a side of me to be seen that most of thestudents at the public school never bothered to look for. Can uniforms make a difference? If they save one life or allow one child to be fitin, they can. No one claims that uniforms are the fix all for the public school system, butthey are a start. Uniforms will give all students a chance to fit in regardless of their socialstanding. They will also take the students focus off of having the right clothes and put itback on having the right attitude. Works CitedAtkins, Andrea. School Dress. Better Homes and Gardens Aug. 1996. 42-43. Hemphill, Clara. Clothes Dont Make the Child. New York Times 21 Mar 1998:A14Mancini, Gail Hinchion. School Uniforms: Dressing for Success or Conformity?Education Digest Dec. 1997. 62-65.